The ecological disasters,
the deforestation and other consequences
of the human action cause damages
in the trofic chain. Nevertheless,
in the present world the extinction
of animals species is not so directly
related to the food shortage or the
contamination, as with direct violent
actions (the nonregulated hunting
and the illegal commerce of wild species)
or hints (the introduction of exotic
species, in determined ambient, that
compete by one or more resources with
native species or already adapted
to the place).
Everywhere in the
world, governments and nongovernmental
organizations of different countries
make concerted efforts to wake up
conscience on the gravity of this
situation. Some of these efforts are
canalized through laws that regulate
the periods of hunting and fishes,
establish the maximum number of pieces
that is allowed to hunt, protect to
the species in the periods of mate
and establish adapted reserves of
natural life. Nevertheless, the controls
devised until the present are insufficient
to stop the increasing deterioration
of the wild life.
There are industries
mounted on the indiscriminate hunting
of valuable species and the capture
of alive units for its commercialization
in a clandestine way. Otters, bears,
beavers, seals, leopards, minks, martas,
astracanes, ermines, foxes and chinchillas
end in the hands of furriers who commercialize
about 15.000.000 of furs to the year.
Meanwhile, about 10.000.000 of reptile's
skins enter in the circuit of the
leather shop.
Fish, squirrels,
armadillos, monkeys, parrots, chameleons
and colourful birds, are captured
only to be sold to people who please
of exotic mascots, although many of
them die during the transport or in
the houses of their buyers.
Recent statistics
give account that about 5.000.000
of birds and 500.000.000 of ornamental
fish arrive at the hands of collectors
and fans.
It is calculated
that in the animal kingdom there are
700 species on danger of disappearance
and 2,300 seriously threatened. About
50 million of primates to the year
are used in investigations of laboratory
or captured for their sale like mascots.
Only in the United States enter annually
thirty million animals like merchandise
from Brazil, Mexico and African countries.
The illegal animal traffic moves more
than 4,000 million dollars per year,
only surpassed by the contraband of
weapons and drug trafficking.
Species in danger
In 1973 the first
international treaty that put limits
to the indiscriminate hunting and
fishing, and also to the illegal animal
commerce was signed. One hundred twenty-six
countries have adhered to that treaty,
but the damage continued. The more
threatened species could disappear
in the first decades of XXI century
The numbers that handle the specialists
are impressive: of the tiger of Siberia,
captured by his fur, are only left
about 200 units.
The crocodile of
the Nile confronts the imminent danger
of extinction. 150 pairs of the Iberian
imperial eagle live in freedom, and
are in serious danger the marine turtles,
a luxury of collectors. In the elevations
of Africa only survive 600 mountain
gorillas, and a few more in zoological
or institutes of anthropology.
The scarlet guacamayo
is coveted in the United States by
its beauty and intelligence. In Australia,
it is probable that the marsupial
wolf has disappeared; the last unit
was seen more than ten years ago.
How has been possible
that destruction level? The explanations
are obvious. The giant gang, not in
vain consecrated like the international
symbol of the species in extinction,
is hunted by its fur and for its exhibition
in zoological; it is believed that
there are not more than 1,000 in freedom.
In Japan it can get to pay up to 50,000
dollars by an unit.
In 1990 the hunting
of elephants in all the countries
of Africa was totally prohibited;
nevertheless, they continue killing
70,000 units per year, of whose eye-teeth
are extracted less than 1,000 tons
of ivory.
If the rhinos are
extinguished, it will be to a series
of superstitions and beliefs of some
Eastern towns: the pulverized horn
of this animal is considered a powerful
aphrodisiac . For this reason, almost
all the species of the islands of
Java and Sumatra, and of India has
disappeared. In Africa there were
about 65,000 black units in the decade
of 1970; at the present time there
are left 2.000 . The same happens
with the white rhino: its disappearance
is imminent.
Competing by
resources
The animals are
not only threatened by the indiscriminate
hunting. Many populations confront
serious problems in their own habitat,
motivated by the introduction of exotic
species that begin to compete with
the original occupants of a certain
ecological niche.
From the United
States were introduced minks in several
countries of Europe, and after its
presence the population of otters
was drastically reduced.
In Australia were
made releases of rabbits to satisfy
desires to hunt of the settlers, without
considering that were no natural pregivers
for so prolific specie. The population
of rabbits grew so spectacularly that
they became a plague of agriculture.
Then foxes were imported, with the
purpose of controlling the rabbits,
but the number of native marsupiales
diminished in an alarming way, with
which the foxes compete.
Brazilian beekeepers
imported African bees to improve the
quality of the honey; they obtained
it, but the new variety shows extreme
aggressiveness towards the man and
the animals.
También
en Sudamérica |
The
three factors that aggravate
the problem of the animal
extinction |
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-
it hunts, it captures
and introduction
of exotic species-
occurs in the South
American fauna..
In the Chaco, deforestation
of the forests and
the jungles, the
indiscriminate hunting
and the introduction
of exotic species
took to the extinction
to the puma, the
yaguareté,
the tatú
carreta, the yacare
and many varieties
of birds and fish.
In
the Patagonia, the
habitat of huemul
was invaded by European
red deers and maras
or native hares
was moved by the
ones of European
origin.
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In
In the seas
of the South
ships factory,
from Japan
and eastern
other countries,
practice the
clandestine
fishing.
One
of the animals
more quoted
by its utility
for the industries
cosmetic,
would feed
is the whale.
At the present
time important
international
campaigns
are organized
destined to
revert their
disappearance.
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